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The Pak-USSR relations have a much checkered history. Since independence there is an entanglement in relations of both the countries. Unfortunately, Pakistan tilted from the very beginning towards the West and failed to win the support of the neighboring countries. India, Afghanistan and China were the main countries with whom initially relations were not cordial. The former two countries never improved its relations with Pakistan however, with the direction of USA; Pakistan played a part of facilitator between China and USA. It was not acceptable to USSR, so it never hesitated to pressurize Pakistan for its pro-western policies and joining of security pacts. No doubt that as a super power USSR strengthened its relations with India and used it as a base against the pro- western Pakistan. Joining the western security pacts and its increasing dependence on China were the main causes for the resentment of USSR. That’s why it signed mutual defense and security pact with India to fully equip her against Pakistan. Pakistan also committed blunders in the formulation of its foreign policy and avoid the principle of bilateralism. It could not maintain its non-alignment position which caused serious threats to its security and the result was the dismemberment of East Pakistan with the help of USSR by India, while no western super power supported Pakistan in its war against Indian aggression.

Syed Waqar Ali Shah, Shaista Parveen. (2016) “Disintegration of Pakistan – The Role of Former Union of Soviet Socialist Republic (USSR)” An Appraisal, Journal of the Research Society of Pakistan, Volume 53, Issue 1.
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