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This paper explores Mountbatten’s approach,
strategy and methodology to partition India
particularly with special reference to the
Referendum of the NWFP which has not yet
been dealt with sufficiently by the historians. As
the last Viceroy of India, Mountbatten presided
over the transfer of power which involved both
independence and the division of the
subcontinent in 1947. While dividing India it
was decided that the wish of the people through
the democratic process is sought, for or against,
inclusion within Pakistan. In the two major
Muslim majority provinces of Bengal and
Punjab this was determined by the vote of their
representatives in the legislature. In the
provinces of the NWFP, Baluchistan and Assam
however this was determined by a referendum.
The Congress had opted to abstain from the
referendum in the NWFP, and its outcome was a
heavy mandate for Pakistan but even after that
the ruling Congress Ministry refused to resign.
Mountbatten refrained from using his
discretionary powers to dismiss Dr Khan
Sahib’s ministry, consequently, the Government
of Pakistan, after it came into being, dismissed
it, for it believed that the Congress party had
lost every legal or moral foundation to be in
power as the people had given a clear verdict in
favour of Pakistan and against the Congress
government in the Referendum
Muhammad Iqbal Chawla. (2011) MOUNTBATTEN AND THE NWFP REFERENDUM: REVISITED, Journal of the Research Society of Pakistan, Volume 48, Issue 1.
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