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Wali, in the meaning of provincial governor is one of the most significant administrative institutions in the politicoconstitutional hierarchy of the early Muslim state system. Its pivotal importance can be gauged from the undeniable
fact that wali used to be a sort of caliph in miniature in the provincial setup, owing to the ground reality, the former
being the direct nominee, representative and spokesman of the latter.
If we trace the etymology of the term, wali, plural awliya, it dawns upon us that it is basically an Arabic word with a
number of meanings. It has been derived from its masdar, noun wilaya or wilayat. It has wide range of meanings like
protector, helper, custodian, master, guardian, governing authority, governor etc.
In early phases of Islamic history, title or term of wali was used for administrative head, most particularly, to
designate governors of administrative divisions or units called provinces. During the Holy Prophetic (SAW) era,
certain other terms were also used like amir, amil, sheikh, imam etc which were interchangeable for various posts or
positions and responsibilities.
Walis were delegated authority to take care of newly annexed territory by maintaining law and order situation and
ensuring smooth sailing of administration of the local populace of a specific area called, al wilayat.
Amir generally was used for the military authorised commander. Amil for that matter was employed for the
collection of revenue of a particular area as an additional duty with dissemination of Islam, while imam was used
with spiritual connotation.
Muhammad Daniyal Khan, Prof. Dr. Salman Bangash. (2021) EVOLUTION OF GOVERNORIAL TERMS AND INSTITUTION OF GOVERNORSHIP DURING THE PIOUS CALIPHAL AND UMAYYAD PERIODS, Journal of the Research Society of Pakistan, Volume-58, issue 3.
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